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Our Explanation of Payroll Accounting discusses the taxes and benefits which are withheld from employees' pay as well as the taxes and benefits that are expenses for the employers. Also provided are examples of the...

What is cost allocation? Definition of Cost Allocation Cost allocation is the assigning of a cost to several cost objects such as products or departments. The cost allocation is needed because the cost is not directly...

What is yield to maturity? Definition of Yield to Maturity Yield to maturity is the total return that will be earned by someone who purchases a bond and holds it until its maturity date. The yield to maturity might also...

What is decentralization? Definition of Decentralization Decentralization refers to a company’s top management delegating authority to subunits or segments of the company such as a company consisting of a consumer...

What is variance analysis? Definition of Variance Analysis In accounting, a variance is the difference between an actual amount and a budgeted, planned or past amount. Variance analysis is one step in the process of...

What is the dividend yield? The dividend yield is the annual cash dividend per share of common stock divided by the market price of a share of the common stock. Usually, fast growing corporations have a low dividend...

What is the price earnings ratio? The price earnings ratio, or P/E ratio, is the market price per share of common stock divided by the earnings per share of common stock. A corporation with a high price earnings ratio is...

What are direct costs? Definition of Direct Costs Direct costs are directly traceable to a cost object such as a product or a department. In other words, direct costs do not have to be allocated to a product, department,...

What is DCF? In accounting, DCF refers to discounted cash flows or to the discounted cash flow techniques such as net present value or internal rate of return. DCF is a preferred method for evaluating capital...

What is setup cost? Definition of Setup Cost In manufacturing, setup cost is the cost incurred to get equipment ready to process a different batch of goods. Hence, setup cost is regarded as a batch-level cost in activity...

What is direct labor? Definition of Direct Labor Direct labor refers to the employees and temporary staff who work directly on a manufacturer’s products. (People working in the production area, but not directly on the...

What is a predetermined overhead rate? Definition of Predetermined Overhead Rate A predetermined overhead rate is often an annual rate used to assign or allocate indirect manufacturing costs to the goods it produces....

What is a budget? A budget is a financial plan for future activities. The budgets used in business often include a sales or revenues budget detailed by products or services, production budgets, budgets for each...

What is standard costing? Definition of Standard Costing Standard costing is an accounting system used by some manufacturers to identify the differences or variances between: The actual costs of the goods that were...

What is a learning curve? Definition of Learning Curve A common learning curve shows that the cumulative average time to complete a manual task (in which learning is involved) will decrease 20% whenever the cumulative...

What is meant by overabsorbed? Overabsorbed is usually used in the context of a manufacturer’s production overhead costs. Since manufacturing overhead costs are not directly traceable to products, they need to be...

What is benchmarking? Benchmarking is a process for improving some activity within an organization. We will illustrate benchmarking with the following example. Company Q has identified one of its activities that needs...

What is a plant-wide overhead rate? Definition of Plant-wide Overhead Rate A plant-wide overhead rate is often a single rate per hour or a percentage of some cost that is used to allocate or assign a company’s...

What does per annum mean? Definition of Per Annum Per annum means yearly or annually. It is a common phrase used to describe an interest rate. Often “per annum” is omitted, as in “I have a 4% mortgage loan.” or...

What is the materials usage variance? Definition of Materials Usage Variance The materials usage variance or materials quantity variance is associated with a standard costing system. This variance results when the actual...

What is the interest coverage ratio? Definition of Interest Coverage Ratio The interest coverage ratio is a financial ratio used as an indicator of a company’s ability to pay the interest on its debt. (The required...

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